Oil India Limited (OIL) is an oil company under the administrative control of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. OIL is engaged in the business of exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas, transportation of crude oil and production of LPG.

OIL is the pioneer in exploration and production of hydrocarbon in India, and traces its roots back to Oil India Private Ltd., formed in 1959 with The Burmah Oil Company Ltd. holding two-thirds of equity and Government of India holding one-third. Within a couple of years; however, it evolved into Oil India Ltd. an equal partnership between Burmah Oil and Government of India. In 1983 it became a Public Sector undertaking of the Government of India.

The Company has over 100,000 square kilometers of license areas for exploration. It has emerged as a consistently profitable international company with exploration blocks as far as Libya.