Two techniques for specification, algebraic and model-based specification are described. Algebraic specification is a specification technique where the actions on an object are specified in terms of their relationships. This is particularly appropriate when used in conjunction with an object-oriented approach to design as it follows the object classes to be formally specified. Model-based specification is a complementary technique where the system is modeled using mathematical entities, such as sets, whose properties are well understood.

Basically 5 things are covered under Software Specification:

1 Structure and contents of the requirements definition
2 Quality criteria for requirements definition
3 Fundamental problems in defining requirements
4 Algebraic specification
5 Model-based specification